The works of the founders of scientific communism on Russia, their correspondence with Russian political and public figures, memoirs, articles and letters of Russian contemporaries about Marx and Engels1 allow us to trace their attitude to Russia, its historical destinies and future with sufficient completeness. Marx and Engels invariably distinguished between two Russias: the official-tsarist and progressive - country "a great and highly gifted people " 2, which nominated N. G. Chernyshevsky and N. A. Dobrolyubov. Marx and Engels showed the deepest sympathy and solidarity for advanced Russia, and they fully supported its revolutionary movement. And this was deeply felt not only by those of its participants who were in exile, but also by those who continued their underground work in Russia itself. "Engels loved the Russian people as much as he hated the Russian government, and he knew Russia and the Russian language, "wrote the illegal revolutionary newspaper Russkiy Rabochy in August 1895 on the occasion of his death. Another obituary said: "We Russians cannot but remember with gratitude his warm sympathy for the Russian revolutionary movement and his interest in everything Russian." 3V. I. Lenin revealed the relationship of Marx and Engels to Russia with the greatest depth 4 . In the article "Friedrich Engels", he emphasized the vital interest of Marx and Engels in Russia, their knowledge of the Russian language, and the international significance of the struggle they waged against tsarism. V. I. Lenin called Engels the best friend of the Russian revolutionaries .5 V. I. Lenin turned to the topic of the connection of the founders of Marxism with revolutionary Russia many times in the future. In 1907, in the preface to the Russian translation of the book " Letters of I. F. Becker, I. Dietzgen, F. Engels, K. Marx and others to F. A. Sorge and others." Lenin made a very important generalization: "Marx and Engels were full of the most radiant faith in the Russian revo ... Читать далее