One of the first attempts of the bourgeoisie and landlords to regain the power lost in October with the help of weapons was the appearance in October 1917-February 1918 of the Don counter-revolution, known as the Kaledin rebellion. This revolt was not only a local event, it became a major hotbed of the All-Russian counter-revolution, and the working people of the whole country rose up to fight it. Therefore, it is natural that Soviet historians should refer to the history of this struggle more than once .1 However, there are some issues that need further elaboration. Thus, questions about the measures taken by the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) and the Soviet government to prepare for the defeat of the Kaledin rebellion, about the composition of the troops operating on the "Kaledin front" are not fully covered, and the tactics of the Rostov Bolsheviks in the initial period of the struggle against Kaledin are inconsistently interpreted. The proposed article attempts to cover these issues more fully, but without claiming to cover the whole topic exhaustively. The Don region became the base of the counter-revolution not by chance: 38% of its population were Cossacks, who owned almost 80% of the land here. 2 V. I. Lenin described the Cossacks as "a layer of the population consisting of rich, small or medium-sized landowners... especially those who have saved them 1 Cm. For example, "Proletarian Revolution on the Don". Collection 2. Rostov-on-Don. 1922. Collection 4. M.-L. 1924; A. V. Golubev. Civil War in the USSR, 1918-1920, Moscow, 1932; I. Razgon. Defeat of the Kaledin region. Proletarskaya revolyutsiya, 1940, No. 2; Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya na Donu [October Revolution on the Don]. Collection of articles. Rostov-on-Don. 1957; "Struggle for: the Power of the Soviets in the Donbass". Collection of documents and materials. Donetsk, 1957; T. M. Koli;sher. Бі;льшовики Украї;ни в боротьбі; проти Каледі;на (листопад 1917 - лютий 1918 рр.). "Украї;нський і;сторичний жур ... Читать далее